Quick Guide to Citing Electronic Resources

Compare the following styles:

Web Pages

Books Web Pages
Author Author
Title of the book Title at the top of the page
Publisher Organization or person sponsoring the page
Place of publication URL
Date of publication Date page was written and/or last revised
Page numbers Number of paragraphs

Additional information needed for Web pages:

A reasonable generic citation to a web page might look like this:
Author. Title [Online]. Sponsoring organization or publisher: date published or updated. Available: URL. (Date of visit). Number of paragraphs.

For example:
Grassian, Esther. Thinking Critically about World Wide Web Resources [Online]. UCLA College Library: September 6, 2000. Available: http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/college/help/critical/index.htm. (May 23, 2001).

Electronic Books

The Seeley G. Mudd Library's catalog, LUCIA, includes direct connections to electronic books made available via NetLibrary and other sources. Citations to electronic books follow the general format for books in the citation style you are using, with the addition of the URL for the source and the date you viewed the book.

A reasonable generic citation to an electronic book might look like this:
Author. Title [Online]. Publisher: date published. Database name. Available: URL. (Date of visit).

For example:
Miller, Michael. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Online Search Secrets [Online]. Indianapolis, IN: Macmillan, 1999. NetLibrary. Available: http://www.netlibrary.com. (May 23, 2001).

Electronic Articles

Journal Articles Articles from Full-Text Sources
Author Author
Title of article Title of article
Title of journal Title of journal
Volume and issue number of the journal Volume and issue number of the paper source journal
Date of publication Date of publication of the source journal

Additional information needed for electronic journals:

A reasonable generic citation to an electronic journal article might look like this:
Author. "Title." Magazine or complete work title [Online]. Journal volume (Journal date): Pages. Database name. Available: Database URL. (Date of visit). Number of paragraphs.

For example, a citation to an article from an electronic journal published on the Web might look like this:
Endo, Paul. "Seeing Romantically in Lamia." ELH: English Literary History [Online]. 66 (Spring 1999): 111-128. Project Muse. Available: http://muse.jhu.edu/muse.html. (April 26, 1999). 36 para.

A citation to an article from a full-text database might look like this:
Minkel, Walter. "The Trouble with Citing Sites." School Library Journal [Online]. 46 (July 2000): 27. EbscoHost. Available: http://search.epnet.com. (May 23, 2001). 8 para.

In cases where the entire page range of the original paper publication is not noted, you should indicate that the article is more than a page long by using the plus sign. For example, an article that is several pages long and starts on page 19 would have the page numbering noted as 19+ because the first page number of the original print article is noted, but not the last, and this article was clearly several pages long.

You might want to include the total number of paragraphs only when it's reasonable to count them. Remember though, that you will need to know a paragraph number when making a parenthetical citation, a footnote, or an endnote.


Return to the long version of the guide

Created: April 26, 1999
Revised: Dec 23, 2003
Gretchen.M.Revie@lawrence.edu