Pieces of the Zuni origin myth
Remember, the whole point here is that there are many versions of these
stories--so please don't assume that my brief summaries are in any way
authoritative. I did consult a good source, Ruth Benedict's two-volume
Zuni Mythology, which is footnoted by Levi-Strauss, but Benedict
herself describes a number of variants for each of the stories sketched on this
page.
- The emergence of the people from the earth
- The sun pities his people, who are living underground.
- The sons of the sun decide to lead the people out into the light.
- The people plant corn, but can't eat until the suns of the sun cut mouths
for them.
- The people separate. One tribe eventually discovers the center of the
world, where people cannot be overthrown, since their hearts are never to one
side or the other.
- The war against the Kyanakwe
- A tribe of Zuni, the kachinas, are hunting on the same ground as the
Kyanakwe.
- The Kyanakwe hide the game from the Zuni.
- There's a war. The Kyanakwe win, because they have better bowstrings.
- The kachinas reach an agreement with the Kyanakwe, in which the former will
be farmers and the latter hunters.
- The flood to punish incest
- Outraged by the wrongdoing of his clan, a boy calls on the spirit of his
dead uncle.
- The spirit terrifies the people of the clan, who leave their village.
- The boy's grandmother and sister are warned to leave as well.
- Once the grandmother and sister have left, a great flood breaks out.
- The flood is interpreted as a punishment for the clan's reliance on incest.
- From now on, everyone agrees, there will be no incest. Sexual relations
can only take place between members of different clans.
- The sacrifice of the brother and sister
- A boy asks his grandmother who his father was. She tells him that she
doesn't know.
- While the boy is out hunting, he meets the eight daughters of the priests.
- He offers the daughters some mush, but they reject him.
- The boy is taken up, in turn, by the Mountain Lion, Bear, Badger, Wolf, and
Spider Woman.
- He visits the house of an old man, who turns out to be his grandfather.
- He meets his father, who won't admit to the relationship until the boy
passes a number of tests.
- He does pass the tests, with Spider's help, and he is transformed by his
father's sisters into a handsome youth.
- His father tells him that when he returns home, the priest's daughters will
want to marry him.
- The father also tells the youth to kill the daughters one by one and to put
their heads and hearts in his flute.
- When the youth returns home, all goes as the father had predicted.
- After all eight daughters have visited, the youth takes the heads, hearts,
and flute to the father.
- The father tells the youth to blow on the flute--and when he does, the
daughters emerge from it.
- Eventually, the priests notice that their daughters are missing and ask the
youth's grandmother where they are.
- The youth returns with the daughters. The daughters return to their homes,
but call for rain.
- The priests and the youth's grandfather determine that the rain cannot be
stopped without a sacrifice.
- The son and daughter of one of the priests are sacrificed, and the flood
is stopped.
From here, you can go back to the handout
on Saussure and Levi-Strauss, back to the first page on
the Zuni origin myth, or on to the pages on the
Oedipus myth.
revised April 4, 1999
mail to Tim Spurgin